B03: Characterization of Arctic mixed-phase clouds by airborne in-situ measurements and remote sensing
In phase I, the project successfully combined airborne remote sensing of the vertical column and the radiative impact of clouds with in–situ microphysical measurements of cloud and aerosol properties during the ACLOUD and AFLUX campaigns. The ability of novel airborne instrumentation including a multi–channel microwave radiometer, an imaging spectrometer for reflected spectral solar radiation, active profiling by radar and lidar as well as a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI), was demonstrated and identified cloud characteristics that are relevant for the role of clouds in Arctic amplification. Clouds were about 10 % more frequent (80 %) and higher (median cloud top 1.3 km) over ocean than over sea ice. Frequent precipitation was detected (50% of observed clouds) with the majority of them being mixed–phase clouds. Their small-scale cloud phase distribution differed in warm and cold air masses. Furthermore, different potential sources of cloud forming particles were identified over sea ice and open water (above or below cloud).
As the completed campaigns represent only a snapshot of Arctic conditions, we aim to extend these measurements by two major campaigns to systematically investigate seasonal and regional differences of cloud and aerosol properties and their contribution to Arctic amplification. MOSAiC-ACA (Svalbard) in spring and summer 2020 is embedded in the framework of MOSAiC and uses the Polar 5&6 aircraft to characterise Arctic boundary layer clouds. These measurements will primarily address seasonal differences and built the bridge between the ground-based observations of Polarstern and Ny–Ålesund and satellite observations. HALO-(AC)³ (Kiruna) in spring 2021 will make use of the HALO aircraft to track transformations of cloud characteristics along air mass pathways from the Arctic circle into the central Arctic. The observed cloud and aerosol properties will be linked to each other and categorised for warm/cold air masses, above sea ice/open ocean, spring/summer, central Arctic/lower latitudes, and above/within/below cloud (aerosol only) to identify changes of aerosol-cloud interaction under different conditions, which are expected to occur more/less frequently due to Arctic amplification. Therefore, the data set will be used to explain observed precipitation properties and to derive measurement–based estimates of the cloud radiative forcing.
Hypothesis:
Changes of cloud properties and cloud forming particles along air mass transitions are in the same order as those due to seasonal variability.
For testing this hypothesis the work in phase II aims to answer the questions:
- How cloud properties change in air mass transformations (Q1)?
- Does the source of cloud forming aerosol particles change in air mass transformations (Q2)?
- Are there seasonal and regional differences of Q1 and Q2?
- What are the effects of Q1 and Q2 on precipitation and cloud radiative forcing?
Achievements phase I
Within B03, Arctic mixed–phase clouds were observed with a set of unique remote sensing (Mech et al., 2019) and in–situ instruments during ACLOUD (Wendisch et al., 2019) and AFLUX. A comprehensive characterisation of the horizontal and vertical variability of cloud properties was performed. Ambient and cloud forming aerosol particles were separated and analysed for their physical and chemical properties. Surprisingly, mixed–phase clouds and precipitating snow were frequently observed in a rather high temperature range between –13 ◦C and 0 ◦C. It was shown, that the vertical distribution of ice particles in clouds differs in cold and warm air masses (Knudsen et al., 2018a). Also, the in–situ observations identified larger cloud particle residuals over open ocean and smaller over sea ice, which indicates different pathways of cloud forming particles into the cloud: below-cloud mixing of large sea salt dominated over the open ocean and cloud top entrainment of smaller tropospheric particles over closed sea ice (Wendisch et al., 2019).
Role within (AC)³
Members
Sophie Rosenburg
PhD
University of Leipzig
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM)
Stephanstr. 3
04103 Leipzig
Pavel Krobot
Scientific Employee
University of Cologne
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology (IGM)
Pohligstr. 3
50969 Cologne
Dr. Stephan Mertes
Senior Scientist
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)
Permoserstr. 15
04318 Leipzig
Dr. Mario Mech
Senior Scientist
University of Cologne
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology (IGM)
Pohligstr. 3
50969 Cologne
Dr. Marcus Klingebiel
Postdoc
University of Leipzig
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM)
Stephanstr. 3
04103 Leipzig
Prof. Dr. Andreas Macke
Principal Investigator
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)
Permoserstr. 15
04318 Leipzig
Imke Schirmacher
PhD
University of Cologne
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology (IGM)
Pohligstr. 3
50969 Cologne
Hanno Müller
PhD (associated)
University of Leipzig
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM)
Stephanstr. 3
04103 Leipzig
Dr. André Ehrlich
Principal Investigator
University of Leipzig
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM)
Stephanstr. 3
04103 Leipzig
Prof. Dr. Susanne Crewell
Principal Investigator
University of Cologne
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology (IGM)
Pohligstr. 3
50969 Cologne
Former Members
Dr. Elena Ruiz Donoso
PhD (in phase I)
University of Leipzig
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM)
Stephanstr. 3
04103 Leipzig
Birte Solveig Kulla
PhD (in phase I)
University of Cologne
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology (IGM)
Pohligstr. 3
50969 Cologne
Publications
2023
Rosenburg, S., Lange, C., Jäkel, E., Schäfer, M., Ehrlich, A., and Wendisch, M., 2023: Retrieval of snow layer and melt pond properties on Arctic sea ice from airborne imaging spectrometer observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3915–3930, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3915-2023.
Ehrlich, A., Zöger, M., Giez, A., Nenakhov, V., Mallaun, C., Maser, R., Röschenthaler, T., Luebke, A. E., Wolf, K., Stevens, B., and Wendisch, M., 2023: A new airborne broadband radiometer system and an efficient method to correct dynamic thermal offsets, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1563–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1563-2023.
Walbröl, A., Michaelis, J., Becker, S., Dorff, H., Gorodetskaya, I., Kirbus, B., Lauer, M., Maherndl, N., Maturilli, M., Mayer, J., Müller, H., Neggers, R. A. J., Paulus, F. M., Röttenbacher, J., Rückert, J. E., Schirmacher, I., Slättberg, N., Ehrlich, A., Wendisch, M., and Crewell, S., 2023: Environmental conditions in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic during the HALO–(AC)³ campaign, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-668.
Moser, M.; Voigt, C.; Jurkat-Witschas, T.; Hahn, V.; Mioche, G.; Jourdan, O.; Dupuy, R.; Gourbeyre, C.; Schwarzenboeck, A.; Lucke, J.; Boose, Y.; Mech, M.; Borrmann, S.; Ehrlich, A.; Herber, A.; Lüpkes, C. & Wendisch, M., 2023: Microphysical and thermodynamic phase analyses of Arctic low-level clouds measured above the sea ice and the open ocean in spring and summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7257–7280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7257-2023
Zanatta, M.; Mertes, S.; Jourdan, O.; Dupuy, R.; Järvinen, E.; Schnaiter, M.; Eppers, O.; Schneider, J.; Jurányi, Z. & Herber, A., 2023: Airborne investigation of black carbon interaction with low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-30, [preprint]
Schirmacher, I.; Kollias, P.; Lamer, K.; Mech, M.; Pfitzenmaier, L.; Wendisch, M. & Crewell, S., 2023: Assessing Arctic low-level clouds and precipitation from above — a radar perspective, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4081–4100, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4081-2023
Wendisch, M.; Brückner, M.; Crewell, S.; Ehrlich, A.; Notholt, J.; Lüpkes, C.; Macke, A.; Burrows, J. P.; Rinke, A.; Quaas, J.; Maturilli, M.; Schemann, V.; Shupe, M. D.; Akansu, E. F.; Barrientos-Velasco, C.; Bärfuss, K.; Blechschmidt, A.-M.; Block, K.; Bougoudis, I.; Bozem, H.; Böckmann, C.; Bracher, A.; Bresson, H.; Bretschneider, L.; Buschmann, M.; Chechin, D. G.; Chylik, J.; Dahlke, S.; Deneke, H.; Dethloff, K.; Donth, T.; Dorn, W.; Dupuy, R.; Ebell, K.; Egerer, U.; Engelmann, R.; Eppers, O.; Gerdes, R.; Gierens, R.; Gorodetskaya, I. V.; Gottschalk, M.; Griesche, H.; Gryanik, V. M.; Handorf, D.; Harm-Altstädter, B.; Hartmann, J.; Hartmann, M.; Heinold, B.; Herber, A.; Herrmann, H.; Heygster, G.; Höschel, I.; Hofmann, Z.; Hölemann, J.; Hünerbein, A.; Jafariserajehlou, S.; Jäkel, E.; Jacobi, C.; Janout, M.; Jansen, F.; Jourdan, O.; Jurányi, Z.; Kalesse-Los, H.; Kanzow, T.; Käthner, R.; Kliesch, L. L.; Klingebiel, M.; Knudsen, E. M.; Kovács, T.; Körtke, W.; Krampe, D.; Kretzschmar, J.; Kreyling, D.; Kulla, B.; Kunkel, D.; Lampert, A.; Lauer, M.; Lelli, L.; von Lerber, A.; Linke, O.; Löhnert, U.; Lonardi, M.; Losa, S. N.; Losch, M.; Maahn, M.; Mech, M.; Mei, L.; Mertes, S.; Metzner, E.; Mewes, D.; Michaelis, J.; Mioche, G.; Moser, M.; Nakoudi, K.; Neggers, R.; Neuber, R.; Nomokonova, T.; Oelker, J.; Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I.; Pätzold, F.; Pefanis, V.; Pohl, C.; van Pinxteren, M.; Radovan, A.; Rhein, M.; Rex, M.; Richter, A.; Risse, N.; Ritter, C.; Rostosky, P.; Rozanov, V. V.; Donoso, E. R.; Saavedra-Garfias, P.; Salzmann, M.; Schacht, J.; Schäfer, M.; Schneider, J.; Schnierstein, N.; Seifert, P.; Seo, S.; Siebert, H.; Soppa, M. A.; Spreen, G.; Stachlewska, I. S.; Stapf, J.; Stratmann, F.; Tegen, I.; Viceto, C.; Voigt, C.; Vountas, M.; Walbröl, A.; Walter, M.; Wehner, B.; Wex, H.; Willmes, S.; Zanatta, M. & Zeppenfeld, S., 2023: Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)³ Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., American Meteorological Society, 104, E208–E242, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0218.1
Klingebiel, M.; Ehrlich, A.; Ruiz-Donoso, E.; Risse, N.; Schirmacher, I.; Jäkel, E.; Schäfer, M.; Wolf, K.; Mech, M.; Moser, M.; Voigt, C. & Wendisch, M., 2023: Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 1-24, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-848, [preprint]
Chylik, J., Chechin, D., Dupuy, R., Kulla, B. S., Lüpkes, C., Mertes, S., Mech, M., and Neggers, R. A. J., 2023: Aerosol impacts on the entrainment efficiency of Arctic mixed-phase convection in a simulated air mass over open water, Atmos. Chem. Phys., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4903-2023.
2022
M. Mech, A. Ehrlich, A. Herber, C. Lüpkes, M. Wendisch, S. Becker, Y. Boose, D. Chechin, S. Crewell, R. Dupuy, C. Gourbeyre, J. Hartmann, E. Jäkel, O. Jourdan, L.-L. Kliesch, M. Klingebiel, B. S. Kulla, G. Mioche, M. Moser, N. Risse, E. Ruiz-Donoso, M. Schäfer, J. Stapf & C. Voigt, 2022, MOSAiC-ACA and AFLUX – Arctic airborne campaigns characterizing the exit area of MOSAiC. Sci Data 9, 790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01900-7
Schäfer, M., Wolf, K., Ehrlich, A., Hallbauer, C., Jäkel, E., Jansen, F., Luebke, A. E., Müller, J., Thoböll, J., Röschenthaler, T., Stevens, B., and Wendisch, M., 2022: VELOX – a new thermal infrared imager for airborne remote sensing of cloud and surface properties, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1491–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1491-2022.
Shupe, M.D., M. Rex, B. Blomquist, P.O.G. Persson, J. Schmale, T. Uttal, D. Althausen, H. Angot, S. Archer, L. Bariteau, I. Beck, J. Bilberry, S. Bussi, C. Buck, M. Boyer, Z. Brasseur, I.M. Brooks, R. Calmer, J. Cassano, V. Castro, D. Chu, D. Costa, C.J. Cox, J. Creamean, S. Crewell, S. Dahlke, E. Damm, G. de Boer, H. Deckelmann, K. Dethloff, M. Dütsch, K. Ebell, A. Ehrlich, J. Ellis, R. Engelmann, A.A. Fong, M.M. Frey, M.R. Gallagher, L. Ganzeveld, R. Gradinger, J. Graeser, V. Greenamyer, H. Griesche, S. Griffiths, J. Hamilton, G. Heinemann, D. Helmig, A. Herber, C. Heuzé, J. Hofer, T. Houchens, D. Howard, J. Inoue, H.-W. Jacobi, R. Jaiser, T. Jokinen, O. Jourdan, G. Jozef, W. King, A. Kirchgaessner, M. Klingebiel, M. Krassovski, T. Krumpen, A. Lampert, W. Landing, T. Laurila, D. Lawrence, B. Loose, M. Lonardi, C. Lüpkes, M. Maahn, A. Macke, W. Maslowski, C. Marsay, M. Maturilli, M. Mech, S. Morris, M. Moser, M. Nicolaus, P. Ortega, J. Osborn, F. Pätzold, D.K. Perovich, T. Petäjä, C. Pilz, R. Pirazzini, K. Posman, H. Powers, K.A. Pratt, A. Preußer, L. Quéléver, M. Radenz, B. Rabe, A. Rinke, T. Sachs, A. Schulz, H. Siebert, T. Silva, A. Solomon, A. Sommerfeld, G. Spreen, M. Stephens, A. Stohl, G. Svensson, J. Uin, J. Viegas, C. Voigt, P. von der Gathen, B. Wehner, J.M. Welker, M. Wendisch, M. Werner, Z. Xie, F. Yue, 2022: Overview of the MOSAiC expedition – Atmosphere. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 10 (1): 00060, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00060.
2021
Herber, A., Becker, S., Belter, H. J., Brauchle, J., Ehrlich, A., Klingebiel, M., Krumpen, T., Lüpkes, C., Mech, M., Moser, M., & Wendisch, M., 2021. MOSAiC Expedition: Airborne Surveys with Research Aircraft POLAR 5 and POLAR 6 in 2020 . In Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research (Vol. 754, pp. 1–99). Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. https://doi.org/10.48433/BzPM_0754_2021
Kwiezinski, C., Weller, C., van Pinxteren, D., Brüggemann, M., Mertes, S., Stratmann, F., Herrmann, H., 2021: Determination of highly polar compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles at ultra-trace levels using ion chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci., 44, 2343 – 2357. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.202001048.
Ruiz Donoso, E., 2021: Small-scale structure of thermodynamic phase in Arctic mixed-phase clouds observed with airborne remote sensing during the ACLOUD campaign, Dissertation, Universität Leipzig, https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa2-748337
2020
Mech, M., Maahn, M., Kneifel, S., Ori, D., Orlandi, E., Kollias, P., Schemann, V., and Crewell, S., 2020: PAMTRA 1.0: the Passive and Active Microwave radiative TRAnsfer tool for simulating radiometer and radar measurements of the cloudy atmosphere, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4229–4251, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4229-2020.
Ruiz-Donoso, E., Ehrlich, A., Schäfer, M., Jäkel, E., Schemann, V., Crewell, S., Mech, M., Kulla, B. S., Kliesch, L.-L., Neuber, R., and Wendisch, M., 2020: Small-scale structure of thermodynamic phase in Arctic mixed-phase clouds observed by airborne remote sensing during a cold air outbreak and a warm air advection event, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5487–5511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5487-2020.
2019
Ehrlich, A., M. Wendisch, C. Lüpkes, M. Buschmann, H. Bozem, D. Chechin, H.-C. Clemen, R. Dupuy, O. Eppers, J. Hartmann, A. Herber, E. Jäkel, E. Järvinen, O. Jourdan, U. Kästner, L.-L. Kliesch, F. Köllner, M. Mech, S. Mertes, R. Neuber, E. Ruiz-Donoso, M. Schnaiter, J. Schneider, J. Stapf, and M. Zanatta, 2019: A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set from the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1853-2019
Mech, M., L.-L. Kliesch, A. Anhäuser, T. Rose, P. Kollias and S. Crewell, 2019: Microwave Radar/radiometer for Arctic Clouds MiRAC: First insights from the ACLOUD campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5019–5037, doi:10.5194/amt-12-5019-2019
Wendisch, M., A. Macke, A. Ehrlich, C. Lüpkes, M. Mech, D. Chechin, K. Dethloff, C. Barrientos, H. Bozem, M. Brückner, H.-C. Clemen, S. Crewell, T. Donth, R. Dupuy, C. Dusny, K. Ebell, U. Egerer, R. Engelmann, C. Engler, O. Eppers, M. Gehrmann, X. Gong, M. Gottschalk, C. Gourbeyre, H. Griesche, J. Hartmann, M. Hartmann, B. Heinold, A. Herber, H. Herrmann, G. Heygster, P. Hoor, S. Jafariserajehlou, E. Jäkel, E. Järvinen, O. Jourdan, U. Kästner, S. Kecorius, E.M. Knudsen, F. Köllner, J. Kretzschmar, L. Lelli, D. Leroy, M. Maturilli, L. Mei, S. Mertes, G. Mioche, R. Neuber, M. Nicolaus, T. Nomokonova, J. Notholt, M. Palm, M. van Pinxteren, J. Quaas, P. Richter, E. Ruiz-Donoso, M. Schäfer, K. Schmieder, M. Schnaiter, J. Schneider, A. Schwarzenböck, P. Seifert, M.D. Shupe, H. Siebert, G. Spreen, J. Stapf, F. Stratmann, T. Vogl, A. Welti, H. Wex, A. Wiedensohler, M. Zanatta, S. Zeppenfeld, 2019: The Arctic Cloud Puzzle: Using ACLOUD/PASCAL Multi-Platform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100 (5), 841–871, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0072.1
2018
Knudsen, E.M., B. Heinold, S. Dahlke, H. Bozem, S. Crewell, I. V. Gorodetskaya, G. Heygster, D. Kunkel, M. Maturilli, M. Mech, C. Viceto, A. Rinke, H. Schmithüsen, A. Ehrlich, A. Macke, C. Lüpkes, M. Wendisch, 2018: Meteorological conditions during the ACLOUD/PASCAL field campaign near Svalbard in early summer 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17995-18022, doi:10.5194/acp-18-17995-2018
Wendisch, M. and A. Ehrlich, 2018: Arktische Verstärkung und Wolken, promet, 102, 21-32
Schäfer, M., K. Loewe, A. Ehrlich, C. Hoose, M. Wendisch, 2018: Simulated and observed horizontal inhomogeneities of optical thickness of Arctic stratus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13115-13133,
doi:10.5194/acp-18-13115-2018
Ehrlich, A., Bierwirth, E., Istomina, L., and Wendisch, M., 2017: Combined retrieval of Arctic liquid water cloud and surface snow properties using airborne spectral solar remote sensing, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3215-3230, doi:10.5194/amt-10-3215-2017
Data supplement is available here.
Franz Kanngießer, 2017: Beobachtungen von Glorien über arktischen Grenzschichtwolken zur Identifikation der Wolkenphase und Ableitung deren Häufigkeit, Master Thesis, University of Leipzig
2017: Directional, Horizontal Inhomogeneities of Cloud Optical Thickness Fields Retrieved from Ground-Based and Airborne Spectral Imaging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2359-2372, 2017, doi:10.5194/acp-17-2359-2017
Data supplement is available here.
Wendisch, M., M. Brückner, J. P. Burrows, S. Crewell, K. Dethloff, K. Ebell, Ch. Lüpkes, A. Macke, J. Notholt, J. Quaas, A. Rinke, and I. Tegen, 2017: Understanding causes and effects of rapid warming in the Arctic. Eos, 98, doi:10.1029/2017EO064803
Korolev, A., G. McFarquhar; P. Field; C. Franklin; P. Lawson; Z. Wang; E. Williams; S. Abel; D. Axisa; S. Borrmann; J. Crosier; J. Fugal; M. Krämer; U. Lohmann; O. Schlenczek, M. Wendisch, 2017: Ice Formation and Evolution in Clouds and Precipitation: Measurement and Modeling Challenges, Baumgardner, D., McFarquhar, G., and Heymsfield, A. (Eds.), Chapter 5: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Progress and Challenges, AMS Meteorological Monographs, 58, pp 5.1-5.50, doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-17-0001.1
Cziczo, D. J., Ladino, L., Boose, Y., Kanji, Z. A., Kupiszewski, P., Lance, S., Mertes, S., Wex., H., 2017: Ice Formation and Evolution in Clouds and Precipitation: Measurement and Modeling Challenges, Baumgardner, D., McFarquhar, G., and Heymsfield, A. (Eds.), Chapter 8: Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles and Ice Residuals, AMS Meteorological Monographs, 58, 8.1-8.13, doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0008.1
Noth, R., 2016: Atmosphärische Heizraten in bewölkten und unbewölkten Bedingungen aus Flugzeugmessungen in der Arktis, Bachelor Thesis, University of Leipzig
Project Poster
Phase II Evaluation poster 2019
Phase I Evaluation poster 2015
